{"claims": [{"text": "Rats receiving 6-OHDA injection showed marked reduction in total distance traveled and average speed in open-field tests.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.2, Results: 'In the OFT, rats exhibited a marked reduction in total distance traveled and average speed after 6-OHDA induction'"}, {"text": "6-OHDA-lesioned rats exhibited strong contralateral rotation in apomorphine-induced rotation tests.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.2, Results: 'In the APO-induced rotation test, 6-OHDA-lesioned rats exhibited strong contralateral rotation'"}, {"text": "STN-DBS significantly increased total distance traveled and speed of movement in PD-DBS rats compared to before stimulation.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.2, Results: 'Comparison before and after the electrical stimulation in the STN revealed that the total distance traveled and the speed of movement in the Control-DBS group did not change, but significantly increased in the PD-DBS group'"}, {"text": "Motor dysfunction continued to worsen in untreated PD rats, with continued decrease in total distance traveled and speed.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.2, Results: 'Notably, in PD group rats, the motor dysfunction continued to worsen, represented as a continued decrease in total distance traveled and speed of movement compared to that detected before electrode implantation'"}, {"text": "STN-DBS reduced the number of apomorphine-induced rotations in PD-DBS rats.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.2, Results: 'our results showed that stimulation in the STN can reduce the number of APO-induced rotations in PD-DBS rats'"}, {"text": "PD group showed decreased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fiber density in striatum; STN-DBS markedly increased TH expression in PD-DBS group.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.3, Results: 'In the left striatum, the PD group exhibited a decrease in TH-positive fiber density compared with the Control group, whereas STN-DBS markedly increased TH expression in the PD-DBS group compared with the PD group'"}, {"text": "Pronounced loss of TH-positive neuronal density in SN of PD group; higher in PD-DBS group than PD group.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.3, Results: 'In the SN, there was a pronounced loss of TH-positive neuronal density in the PD group compared to the Control group, which is higher in the PD-DBS group than in the PD group'"}, {"text": "Alpha-synuclein showed pathological aggregation in PD group; in PD-DBS group, distribution resembled diffuse pattern of control animals.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.3, Results: 'In the PD group, the pathological aggregation of a-syn was obvious, while in the PD-DBS group, the a-syn distribution more closely resembled the diffuse pattern observed in control animals'"}, {"text": "Iba-1 positive microglia were markedly increased in PD group; STN-DBS markedly suppressed Iba-1 expression.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.4, Results: 'Iba-1 positive microglia were markedly increased in the PD group. In the PD-DBS group, the STN-DBS markedly suppressed Iba-1 expression'"}, {"text": "iNOS expression was higher in PD group than other three groups; Arg1 expression was scarcely detected in PD group but obvious in other three groups.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.4, Results: 'the iNOS expression in the PD group was higher than that in the other three groups, while Arg1 expression was scarcely detected in the PD group but obvious in the other three groups'"}, {"text": "STN-DBS significantly ameliorated increased TNF-alpha and decreased IL-10 expression in PD group.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.4, Results: 'STN-DBS significantly ameliorates the increased expression of the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-alpha and decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in the PD group'"}, {"text": "Astrocytes in PD group were activated as reactive astrocytes with hypertrophic cell bodies and thickened processes, accompanied by significant depletion of BDNF; STN-DBS alleviated reactive astrocyte and increased BDNF expression.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.5, Results: 'Astrocytes in the PD group are activated as reactive astrocytes and exhibited hypertrophic cell bodies, and thickened and shortened processes, accompanied by significant depletion of BDNF expression. STN-DBS treatment could alleviate the reactive astrocyte and increase BDNF expression'"}, {"text": "GFAP expression significantly increased in PD group compared to Control group; decreased in PD-DBS group compared to PD group.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.5, Results: 'WB indicated a significant increase in GFAP expression in the PD group compared to the Control group, while the GFAP expression decreased in the PD-DBS group compared to the PD group'"}, {"text": "Significant decrease of IkB-alpha expression and increase of NF-kB p65 in PD group; STN-DBS restored abnormal IkB-alpha and NF-kB p65 expression.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.6, Results: 'Our results showed a significant decrease of IkB-alpha expression and an increase of NF-kB p65 in the PD group, whereas STN-DBS treatment restored the abnormal IkB-alpha and NF-kB p65 expression'"}, {"text": "Caspase-3 expression was markedly elevated in PD group; significantly decreased in PD-DBS group.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.6, Results: 'Our results showed that caspase-3 expression was markedly elevated in the PD group, while it significantly decreased in the PD-DBS group compared to that in the PD group'"}, {"text": "Electrode implantation did not affect total distance traveled and speed in Control group rats.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 3.2, Results: 'the electrode implantation did not affect the total distance traveled and speed of movement in the Control group rats'"}, {"text": "Electrical stimulation parameters used were 150 Hz frequency, 2 V voltage, and 90 ms pulse width.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 2.4, Materials and Methods: 'The electrical pulse parameters used for stimulation were a frequency of 150 Hz, a voltage of 2 V, and a width of 90 ms'"}, {"text": "Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 2.1, Animals: 'Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 240-300 g were purchased'"}, {"text": "6-OHDA was injected at two points in the left striatum with 1.2 µL at each site.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 2.2, Establishment of the PD model: 'each site received 1.2 µL'"}, {"text": "Rats exhibiting more than seven contralateral rotations per minute were considered successful PD models.", "quote_or_locator": "Section 2.3.2, Behavioral test: 'Rats exhibiting more than seven contralateral rotations per minute were considered as successful PD models'"}], "prompt_version": "p1.0", "verdicts": [{"claim": "Rats receiving 6-OHDA injection showed marked reduction in total distance traveled and average speed in open-field tests.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "In the OFT, rats exhibited a marked reduction in total distance traveled and average speed after 6-OHDA induction", "note": null}, {"claim": "6-OHDA-lesioned rats exhibited strong contralateral rotation in apomorphine-induced rotation tests.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "In the APO-induced rotation test, 6-OHDA-lesioned rats exhibited strong contralateral rotation", "note": null}, {"claim": "STN-DBS significantly increased total distance traveled and speed of movement in PD-DBS rats compared to before stimulation.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "Comparison before and after the electrical stimulation in the STN revealed that the total distance traveled and the speed of movement in the Control-DBS group did not change, but significantly increased in the PD-DBS group", "note": null}, {"claim": "Motor dysfunction continued to worsen in untreated PD rats, with continued decrease in total distance traveled and speed.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "Notably, in PD group rats, the motor dysfunction continued to worsen, represented as a continued decrease in total distance traveled and speed of movement compared to that detected before electrode implantation", "note": null}, {"claim": "STN-DBS reduced the number of apomorphine-induced rotations in PD-DBS rats.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "our results showed that stimulation in the STN can reduce the number of APO-induced rotations in PD-DBS rats", "note": null}, {"claim": "PD group showed decreased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fiber density in striatum; STN-DBS markedly increased TH expression in PD-DBS group.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "In the left striatum, the PD group exhibited a decrease in TH-positive fiber density compared with the Control group, whereas STN-DBS markedly increased TH expression in the PD-DBS group compared with the PD group", "note": null}, {"claim": "Pronounced loss of TH-positive neuronal density in SN of PD group; higher in PD-DBS group than PD group.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "In the SN, there was a pronounced loss of TH-positive neuronal density in the PD group compared to the Control group, which is higher in the PD-DBS group than in the PD group", "note": null}, {"claim": "Alpha-synuclein showed pathological aggregation in PD group; in PD-DBS group, distribution resembled diffuse pattern of control animals.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "In the PD group, the pathological aggregation of a-syn was obvious, while in the PD-DBS group, the a-syn distribution more closely resembled the diffuse pattern observed in control animals", "note": null}, {"claim": "Iba-1 positive microglia were markedly increased in PD group; STN-DBS markedly suppressed Iba-1 expression.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "Iba-1 positive microglia were markedly increased in the PD group. In the PD-DBS group, the STN-DBS markedly suppressed Iba-1 expression", "note": null}, {"claim": "iNOS expression was higher in PD group than other three groups; Arg1 expression was scarcely detected in PD group but obvious in other three groups.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "the iNOS expression in the PD group was higher than that in the other three groups, while Arg1 expression was scarcely detected in the PD group but obvious in the other three groups", "note": null}, {"claim": "STN-DBS significantly ameliorated increased TNF-alpha and decreased IL-10 expression in PD group.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "STN-DBS significantly ameliorates the increased expression of the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-alpha and decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in the PD group", "note": null}, {"claim": "Astrocytes in PD group were activated as reactive astrocytes with hypertrophic cell bodies and thickened processes, accompanied by significant depletion of BDNF; STN-DBS alleviated reactive astrocyte and increased BDNF expression.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "Astrocytes in the PD group are activated as reactive astrocytes and exhibited hypertrophic cell bodies, and thickened and shortened processes, accompanied by significant depletion of BDNF expression. STN-DBS treatment could alleviate the reactive astrocyte and increase BDNF expression", "note": null}, {"claim": "GFAP expression significantly increased in PD group compared to Control group; decreased in PD-DBS group compared to PD group.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "WB indicated a significant increase in GFAP expression in the PD group compared to the Control group, while the GFAP expression decreased in the PD-DBS group compared to the PD group", "note": null}, {"claim": "Significant decrease of IkB-alpha expression and increase of NF-kB p65 in PD group; STN-DBS restored abnormal IkB-alpha and NF-kB p65 expression.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "Our results showed a significant decrease of IkB-alpha expression and an increase of NF-kB p65 in the PD group, whereas STN-DBS treatment restored the abnormal IkB-alpha and NF-kB p65 expression", "note": null}, {"claim": "Caspase-3 expression was markedly elevated in PD group; significantly decreased in PD-DBS group.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "Our results showed that caspase-3 expression was markedly elevated in the PD group, while it significantly decreased in the PD-DBS group compared to that in the PD group", "note": null}, {"claim": "Electrode implantation did not affect total distance traveled and speed in Control group rats.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "the electrode implantation did not affect the total distance traveled and speed of movement in the Control group rats", "note": null}, {"claim": "Electrical stimulation parameters used were 150 Hz frequency, 2 V voltage, and 90 ms pulse width.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "The electrical pulse parameters used for stimulation were a frequency of 150 Hz, a voltage of 2 V, and a width of 90 ms", "note": null}, {"claim": "Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 240-300 g were purchased", "note": null}, {"claim": "6-OHDA was injected at two points in the left striatum with 1.2 µL at each site.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "each site received 1.2 mL", "note": null}, {"claim": "Rats exhibiting more than seven contralateral rotations per minute were considered successful PD models.", "verdict": "supported", "evidence": "Rats exhibiting more than seven contralateral rotations per minute were considered as successful PD models", "note": null}]}